The Drama Triangle, conceptualized by psychologist Stephen Karpman in 1968, is a model that explains the dysfunctional patterns of human interaction often seen in conflict or emotionally charged situations. The triangle consists of three roles—Victim, Rescuer, and Persecutor—that individuals unconsciously adopt, creating cycles of drama and conflict. Understanding this triangle is a powerful tool for breaking unhealthy patterns and fostering healthier relationships.

The Three Roles of the Drama Triangle

1. The Victim

The Victim feels powerless and helpless, often seeing themselves as at the mercy of others or circumstances. They may say things like, “This always happens to me,” or “There’s nothing I can do.”

• Core Belief: “I am powerless.”

• Behavior: The Victim tends to avoid responsibility for their situation, seeking rescue rather than solutions.

• Impact: This mindset perpetuates dependency and reinforces feelings of helplessness.